mirage.libs.zigbee_utils package¶

Submodules¶

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.rzusbstick module¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.rzusbstick.RZUSBStickDevice(interface)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.wireless_utils.device.Device

This device allows to communicate with a RZUSBstick in order to interact with the Zigbee protocol. The corresponding interfaces are : rzusbstickX (e.g. “rzusbstick0”)

The following capabilities are actually supported :

Capability	Available ?
SNIFFING	yes
INJECTING	yes
COMMUNICATING_AS_COORDINATOR	yes
COMMUNICATING_AS_ROUTER	yes
COMMUNICATING_AS_END_DEVICE	yes
JAMMING	yes

Warning

Some features provided by this hardware seems unstable :

A small amount of time is required to switch from TX to RX, so some frames may be missing
The jamming feature seems to send a very short signal which is not strong and long enough to jam a Zigbee channel

I’m not sure if the problem is linked to my hardware or if the Killerbee firmare is buggy.

close()¶: This method closes the device.

disableJamming()¶

This method disables the jamming mode of the current RZUSBStick device.

Example

>>> device.disableJamming()

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

enableJamming()¶

This method enables the jamming mode of the current RZUSBStick device.

Example

>>> device.enableJamming()

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getChannel()¶

This method returns the channel actually in use.

Returns

channel in use

Return type

int

Example

>>> device.getChannel()
11
>>> device.setChannel(15)
>>> device.getChannel()
15

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getDeviceIndex()¶

This method returns the index of the current RZUSBStick device.

Returns

device’s index

Return type

int

Example

>>> device.getDeviceIndex()
0

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getFirmwareVersion()¶

This method returns the firmware version of the current RZUSBStick device.

Returns

device’s firmware version

Return type

str

Example

>>> device.getSerial()
'KILLERB001'

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getMode()¶

This method returns the current mode in use (RZUSBStick device can be set in two modes: NORMAL, JAMMING)

Returns

current mode in use

Return type

str

Example

>>> device.getMode()
'NORMAL'
>>> device.enableJamming()
>>> device.getMode()
'JAMMING'

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getSerial()¶

This method returns the serial number of the current RZUSBStick device.

Returns

device’s serial number

Return type

str

Example

>>> device.getSerial()
'FFFFFFFFFFFF'

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

init()¶: This method initializes the device.

isUp()¶

This method allows to check if the device is initialized and available for use.

Returns: boolean indicating if the device is up
Return type: bool

recv()¶

This method receives some datas. If no data is available, this method returns None.

Parameters: data – raw representation of the received data

classmethod resetRZUSBStick(index=0)¶

send(packet)¶

This method sends some datas.

Parameters: data – raw representation of the data to send

setChannel(channel)¶

This method changes the channel actually in use by the provided channel.

Parameters

channel (int) – new channel

Example

>>> device.getChannel()
11
>>> device.setChannel(15)
>>> device.getChannel()
15

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

sharedMethods = ['getChannel', 'setChannel', 'enableJamming', 'disableJamming', 'getMode', 'getFirmwareVersion', 'getSerial', 'getDeviceIndex']¶

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.hackrf module¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.hackrf.ZigbeeHackRFDevice(interface)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.wireless_utils.device.SDRDevice

This device allows to communicate with a HackRF in order to interact with the Zigbee protocol. HackRF support is experimental, the demodulator is slow !

The following capabilities are actually supported :

Capability	Available ?
SNIFFING	yes
INJECTING	yes
COMMUNICATING_AS_COORDINATOR	no
COMMUNICATING_AS_ROUTER	no
COMMUNICATING_AS_END_DEVICE	no
JAMMING	no

buildReceivePipeline(interface)¶

This method allows to build the receive pipeline of the current device.

Parameters: interface (str) – string indicating the interface to use
Returns: receive pipeline instance
Return type: SDRPipeline

buildTransmitPipeline(interface)¶

This method allows to build the transmit pipeline of the current device.

Parameters: interface (str) – string indicating the interface to use
Returns: transmit pipeline instance
Return type: SDRPipeline

getAPIVersion()¶

This method returns the API version of the HackRF library.

Returns

API version as a tuple of (major, minor)

Return type

tuple of (int,int)

Example

>>> device.getAPIVersion()
(1, 4)

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getBoardID()¶

This method returns the board identifier of the current HackRF.

Returns

board identifier

Return type

int

Example

>>> device.getBoardID()
2

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getBoardName()¶

This method returns the board name of the current HackRF.

Returns

board name

Return type

str

Example

>>> device.getBoardName()
'HackRF One'

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getChannel()¶

This method returns the channel actually in use.

Returns

channel in use

Return type

int

Example

>>> device.getChannel()
11
>>> device.setChannel(15)
>>> device.getChannel()
15

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getDeviceIndex()¶

This method returns the device index of the current HackRF.

Returns

device index

Return type

int

Example

>>> device.getDeviceIndex()
0

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getFirmwareVersion()¶

This method returns the firmware version of the current HackRF device.

Returns

firmware version

Return type

str

Example

>>> device.getFirmwareVersion()
'git-a9945ff'

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getSerial()¶

This method returns the serial number of the current HackRF device.

Returns

serial number

Return type

str

Example

>>> device.getSerialNumber()
'0000000000000000a06063c8234e925f'

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

init()¶: This method initializes the device.

isUp()¶

This method allows to check if the device is initialized and available for use.

Returns: boolean indicating if the device is up
Return type: bool

recv()¶

This method receives some datas. If no data is available, this method returns None.

Parameters: data – raw representation of the received data

send(packet)¶

This method sends some datas.

Parameters: data – raw representation of the data to send

setChannel(channel)¶

This method changes the channel actually in use by the provided channel.

Parameters

channel (int) – new channel

Example

>>> device.getChannel()
11
>>> device.setChannel(15)
>>> device.getChannel()
15

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

setExperimentalDemodulator(enable=True)¶

sharedMethods = ['getChannel', 'setChannel', 'getFirmwareVersion', 'getSerial', 'getAPIVersion', 'getDeviceIndex', 'getBoardName', 'getBoardID']¶

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.encoders module¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.encoders.ZigbeeEncoder¶

Bases: mirage.libs.common.sdr.encoders.SDREncoder

Software Defined Radio encoder for Zigbee protocol.

encode(data)¶

This method implements the encoding process and transforms a sequence of bytes into a binary string.

Parameters: data (bytes) – data to encode
Returns: binary string
Return type: str

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.decoders module¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.decoders.ZigbeeDecoder(samplesPerSymbol=1, samplesBefore=60, samplesAfter=60, crcChecking=False, hammingThresold=5)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.common.sdr.decoders.SDRDecoder

Software Defined Radio decoder for Zigbee protocol.

decode(demodulatedData, iqSamples)¶

This method implements the decoding process and transforms a binary string into a packet or a sequence of bytes.

Parameters

demodulatedData (str) – data to decode
iqSamples (list of complex) – IQ samples corresponding with the demodulated data

Returns

tuple composed of the decoded data and the correspond IQ samples

Return type

(bytes, list of complex)

setCRCChecking(enable=True)¶

This method enables CRC checking.

Parameters

enable (bool) – indicates if the CRC checking should be enabled or disabled

Example

>>> decoder.setCRCChecking(True)

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.constants module¶

This module contains some constants that are used by the Zigbee stack.

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.pcap module¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.pcap.ZigbeePCAPDevice(interface)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.wireless_utils.pcapDevice.PCAPDevice

This device allows to communicate with a PCAP file in order to write and read Zigbee packets.

The corresponding interfaces are : <filename>.pcap (e.g. “out.pcap”)

If the file exists, the ZigbeePCAPDevice is in read mode, and the corresponding receiver is able to use it as a classic Zigbee sniffer.

If the file doesn’t exist, the ZigbeePCAPDevice is in write mode, and the corresponding emitter is able to write packets in the file.

The following capabilities are actually supported :

Capability	Available ?
SNIFFING	yes
INJECTING	yes
COMMUNICATING_AS_COORDINATOR	no
COMMUNICATING_AS_ROUTER	no
COMMUNICATING_AS_END_DEVICE	no
JAMMING	no

Warning

This PCAP Device uses the DLT 195.

DLT = 195¶

SCAPY_LAYER¶: alias of scapy.layers.dot15d4.Dot15d4

generateStream()¶

This method generates a stream (i.e. a list of packets with the right inter frame spacing) from the PCAP file.

Returns

stream of packets

Return type

list

Example

>>> stream = device.generateStream()
>>> device2.sendp(*stream)

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

getChannel()¶

This method allows to simulate the getChannel behaviour of a normal sniffer.

Returns

integer indicating an unknown channel (-1)

Return type

int

Example

>>> device.getChannel()
-1

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

init()¶: This method initializes the PCAP file, by checking the header (if the Device is in reading mode) or by adding the header (if the Device is in writing mode).

send(packet)¶

This method writes a packet synchronously into the PCAP file.

Parameters: packet (bytes or scapy frame (if SCAPY_LAYER is not None)) – packet to write

setChannel(channel)¶

This method allows to simulate the setChannel behaviour of a normal sniffer.

Parameters

channel (int) – channel to set

Example

>>> device.getChannel()
-1

Note

This method is a shared method and can be called from the corresponding Emitters / Receivers.

sharedMethods = ['generateStream', 'setChannel', 'getChannel', 'getMode']¶

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers module¶

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers.addressToString(address)¶

This function converts a Zigbee address (as integer) to a printable string.

Parameters

address (int) – integer indicating the address to convert

Returns

printable string of the address

Return type

str

Example

>>> addressToString(0x1234)
'0x1234'
>>> addressToString(0x1122334455667788)
'11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88'

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers.bits2bytes(bits)¶

This function converts a binary string to a sequence of bytes.

Parameters

bits (str) – binary string to convert

Returns

equivalent sequence of bytes

Return type

bytes

Example

>>> bits2bytes("1111000001010101101010").hex()
'0faa15'

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers.channelToFrequency(channel)¶

This function converts a Zigbee channel to the corresponding frequency.

Parameters

channel (int) – Zigbee channel to convert

Returns

corresponding frequency (MHz)

Return type

int

Example

>>> channelToFrequency(11)
2405
>>> channelToFrequency(14)
2420

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers.convertAddress(address)¶

This function is used to convert a Zigbee address to a standard format (integer).

Parameters

address (str or int or bytes) – address to convert

Returns

address in a standard format (integer)

Return type

int

Example

>>> convertAddress(0x1234)
4660
>>> convertAddress(bytes.fromhex("1122334455667788"))
1234605616436508552

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers.fcs(data)¶

This function calculates the 16 bits FCS corresponding to the data provided.

Parameters

data (bytes) – packet’s payload

Example

>>> data=bytes.fromhex("2188013412ffff000000001200610d0a")
>>> fcs(data).hex()
'0b29'

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.helpers.frequencyToChannel(frequency)¶

This function converts a frequency to the corresponding Zigbee channel.

Parameters

frequency (int) – frequency to convert (MHz)

Returns

channel associated to the provided frequency

Return type

int

Example

>>> frequencyToChannel(2405)
11
>>> frequencyToChannel(2420)
14

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets module¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeAcknowledgment(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=4660)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Acknowledgment

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeApplicationData(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=4660, data=b'')¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Application Data

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet
data (bytes) – application data included in the Packet

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeApplicationEncryptedData(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, frameCounter=0, keyType=None, securityLevel=None, source=None, keySequenceNumber=None, data=b'', mic=b'')¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Application Encrypted Data

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
frameCounter (int) – frame counter
keyType (int) – field indicating the key type (0: Data Key, 1: Network Key, 2: Key Transport Key, 3: Key load Key)
securityLevel (int) – field indicating the security level (0: none, 1: MIC-32, 2: MIC-64, 3: MIC-128, 4: ENC, 5: ENC-MIC-32, 6: ENC-MIC-64, 7: ENC-MIC-128)
source (int) – source address
keySequenceNumber (int) – sequence number associated to the key
data (bytes) – application data included in the Packet (encrypted)
mic (bytes) – message integrity check

keyTypes = ['Data Key', 'Network Key', 'Key transport Key', 'Key load Key']¶

securityLevels = ['none', 'MIC-32', 'MIC-64', 'MIC-128', 'ENC', 'ENC-MIC-32', 'ENC-MIC-64', 'ENC-MIC-128']¶

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeAssociationRequest(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=65535, allocateAddress=False, securityCapability=False, receiverOnWhenIdle=False, powerSource=False, deviceType=False, alternatePanCoordinator=False)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Association Request

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet
allocateAddress (bool) – boolean indicating if an address allocation is required
securityCapability (bool) – boolean indicating if the device has a security capability
receiverOnWhenIdle (bool) – boolean indicating if the receiver is on when the device is in idle mode
powerSource (bool) – boolean indicating if the device has a power source
deviceType (bool) – boolean indicating the device type
alternatePanCoordinator (bool) – boolean indicating if the emitter is an alternate PAN coordinator

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeAssociationResponse(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=4660, assignedAddr=65535, status=None)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Association Response

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet
assignedAddr (int) – assigned address
status (int) – integer indicating the status of association (0: successful, 1: PAN at capacity, 2: PAN access denied)

statusMessage = ['successful', 'PAN at capacity', 'PAN access denied']¶

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeBeacon(sequenceNumber=1, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=65535, assocPermit=False, coordinator=False, payload=False, routerCapacity=None, endDeviceCapacity=None, extendedPanID=None)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Beacon

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet
assocPermit (bool) – boolean indicating if the association is permitted
coordinator (bool) – boolean indicating if the emitter of the beacon is a coordinator
payload (bool) – boolean indicating if the packet includes a zigbee payload
routerCapacity (bool) – boolean indicating the router capacity
endDeviceCapacity (bool) – boolean indicating the end device capacity
extendedPanID (int) – extended Pan ID

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeBeaconRequest(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Beacon Request

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeDataRequest(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, srcAddr=0, destPanID=4660, srcPanID=0)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Data Request

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeDisassociationNotification(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=4660, assignedAddr=65535, reason=None)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - Disassociation Notification

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet
assignedAddr (int) – assigned address
reason (int) – integer indicating the disassociation reason (1: Coordinator requests device to leave, 2: Device requests to leave)

reasonMessage = ['reserved', 'Coordinator requests device to leave', 'Device requests to leave']¶

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket(sequenceNumber=1, data=b'')¶

Bases: mirage.libs.wireless_utils.packets.Packet

Mirage Zigbee Packet

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
data (bytes) – data associated to the Packet

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeSniffingParameters(rssi=None, channel=None, frequency=None, validCrc=False, linkQualityIndicator=None)¶

Bases: mirage.libs.wireless_utils.packets.AdditionalInformations

This class allows to attach some sniffer’s data to a Mirage Zigbee Packet, such as RSSI, valid CRC,link quality indicator or channel. If the frequency is provided, the corresponding channel is automatically calculated.

Parameters

rssi (float) – Received Signal Strength Indication
channel (int) – channel of the received packet
frequency (float) – frequency of the received packet
validCrc (bool) – boolean indicating if the CRC is valid or not
linkQualityIndicator (int) – integer indicating the link quality indicator

toString()¶

class mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeeXBeeData(sequenceNumber=1, destAddr=65535, destPanID=65535, srcAddr=0, srcPanID=4660, counter=0, unknown=0, data=b'')¶

Bases: mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.packets.ZigbeePacket

Mirage Zigbee Packet - XBee Data

Parameters

sequenceNumber (int) – sequence number of the packet
destAddr (int) – destination address included in the Packet
destPanID (int) – destination PanID included in the Packet
srcAddr (int) – source address included in the Packet
srcPanID (int) – source PanID included in the Packet
counter (int) – XBee counter
unknown (int) – XBee unknown field
data (bytes) – XBee data

toString()¶

This method allows to explicitely define how a packet is displayed if it is converted as a string.

If this method is not overloaded, the packet is displayed as :

<< name >> if no additional informations are linked to this packet
[ additionalInformations ] << name >> if some additional informations are linked to this packet

mirage.libs.zigbee_utils.scapy_xbee_layers module¶

This module contains some scapy definitions for XBee packets.