@conference {2016m-SchFraZelRob, title = {A Rigidity-Based Decentralized Bearing Formation Controller for Groups of Quadrotor UAVs}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and System}, year = {2016}, month = {10/2016}, pages = {5099-5106}, address = {Daejeon, South Korea}, abstract = {This paper considers the problem of controlling a formation of quadrotor UAVs equipped with onboard cameras able to measure relative bearings in their local body frames w.r.t. neighboring UAVs. The control goal is twofold: (i) steering the agent group towards a formation defined in terms of desired bearings, and (ii) actuating the group motions in the {\textquoteleft}null-space{\textquoteright} of the current bearing formation. The proposed control strategy relies on an extension of the rigidity theory to the case of directed bearing frameworks in R 3{\texttimes}S1 . This extension allows to devise a decentralized bearing controller which, unlike most of the present literature, does not need presence of a common reference frame or of reciprocal bearing measurements for the agents. Simulation and experimental results are then presented for illustrating and validating the approach.}, attachments = {https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/2016m-SchFraZelRob-preprint.pdf , https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/2016m-SchFraZelRob.mp4}, author = {Fabrizio Schiano and Antonio Franchi and Daniel Zelazo and Paolo Robuffo Giordano} } @conference {2015k-ZelRobFra, title = {Bearing-Only Formation Control Using an SE(2) Rigidity Theory}, booktitle = {54rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control}, year = {2015}, month = {12/2015}, pages = {6121-6126}, address = {Osaka, Japan}, attachments = {https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/2015k-ZelRobFra-preprint.pdf}, author = {Daniel Zelazo and Paolo Robuffo Giordano and Antonio Franchi} } @article {2014i-ZelRobBueFra, title = {Decentralized Rigidity Maintenance Control with Range Measurements for Multi-Robot Systems}, journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research}, volume = {34}, year = {2014}, pages = {105-128}, abstract = {This work proposes a fully decentralized strategy for maintaining the formation rigidity of a multi-robot system using only range measurements, while still allowing the graph topology to change freely over time. In this direction, a first contribution of this work is the new concept of weighted frameworks and rigidity, and of the rigidity eigenvalue, which when positive ensures the infinitesimal rigidity of a weighted framework. We then propose a distributed algorithm for estimating a common relative position reference frame amongst a team of robots with only range measurements in addition to one agent endowed with the capability of measuring the bearing to two other agents. This first estimation step is embedded into a subsequent distributed algorithm for estimating the rigidity eigenvalue associated with the weighted framework. The estimate of the rigidity eigenvalue is finally used to generate a local control action for each agent that both maintains the rigidity property and enforces additional constraints such as collision avoidance and sensing/communication range limits and occlusions. As an additional feature of our approach, the communication and sensing links among the robots are also left free to change over time while preserving rigidity of the whole framework. The proposed scheme is then experimentally validated with a robotic testbed consisting of 6 quadrotor UAVs operating in a cluttered environment.}, keywords = {Motion control of multiple robots, Rigidity mainenance}, attachments = {https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/1309.0535v3.pdf , https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/1309.0535v2.pdf}, author = {Daniel Zelazo and Antonio Franchi and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff and Paolo Robuffo Giordano} } @conference {2014f-ZelFraRob, title = {Rigidity Theory in SE(2) for Unscaled Relative Position Estimation using only Bearing}, booktitle = {2014 European Control Conference}, year = {2014}, month = {06/2014}, pages = {2703-2708}, address = {Strasbourg, France}, abstract = {This work considers the problem of estimating the unscaled relative positions of a multi-robot team in a common reference frame from bearing-only measurements. Each robot has access to a relative bearing measurement taken from the local body frame of the robot, and the robots have no knowledge of a common reference frame. An extension of rigidity theory is made for frameworks embedded in the special Euclidean group SE(2) = R^2 {\texttimes} S1. We introduce definitions describing rigidity for SE(2) frameworks and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for when such a framework is infinitesimally rigid in SE(2). We then introduce the directed bearing rigidity matrix and show that an SE(2) framework is infinitesimally rigid if and only if the rank of this matrix is equal to 2|V| - 4, where |V| is the number of agents in the ensemble. The directed bearing rigidity matrix and its properties are then used in the implementation and convergence proof of a distributed estimator to determine the unscaled relative positions in a common frame. Simulation results are given to support the analysis.}, keywords = {Localization of ground robots, Motion control of multiple robots, Rigidity mainenance}, attachments = {https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/2014f-ZelFraRob-preprint.pdf}, author = {Daniel Zelazo and Antonio Franchi and Paolo Robuffo Giordano} } @conference {2012g-ZelFraAlgBueRob, title = {Rigidity Maintenance Control for Multi-Robot Systems}, booktitle = {2012 Robotics: Science and Systems Conference}, year = {2012}, month = {07/2012}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, abstract = {Rigidity of formations in multi-robot systems is important for formation control, localization, and sensor fusion. This work proposes a rigidity maintenance gradient controller for a multi-agent robot team. To develop such a controller, we first provide an alternative characterization of the rigidity matrix and use that to introduce the novel concept of the rigidity eigenvalue. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition relating the positivity of the rigidity eigenvalue to the rigidity of the formation. The rigidity maintenance controller is based on the gradient of the rigidity eigenvalue with respect to each robot position. This gradient has a naturally distributed structure, and is thus amenable to a distributed implementation. Additional requirements such as obstacle and inter-agent collision avoidance, as well as typical constraints such as limited sensing/communication ranges and line-of-sight occlusions, are also explicitly considered. Finally, we present a simulation with a group of seven quadrotor UAVs to demonstrate and validate the theoretical results.}, keywords = {Decentralized control, Formation control, Motion control of multiple robots, Multi-robot systems, Rigidity mainenance}, attachments = {https://homepages.laas.fr/afranchi/robotics/sites/default/files/2012g-ZelFraAlgBueRob-preprint.pdf}, author = {Daniel Zelazo and Antonio Franchi and Frank Allg{\"o}wer and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff and Paolo Robuffo Giordano} }